![]() International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised"."Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". de Laeter, John Robert Böhlke, John Karl De Bièvre, Paul Hidaka, Hiroshi Peiser, H.Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:.Audi, Georges Bersillon, Olivier Blachot, Jean Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The N UBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729.3A, doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. ![]() "Management of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors". Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. ![]() "High management impact of Ga-68 DOTATATE (GaTate) PET/CT for imaging neuroendocrine and other somatostatin expressing tumours". "Multi-curie production of gallium-68 on a biomedical cyclotron and automated radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE". ^ Thisgaard, Helge Kumlin, Joel Langkjær, Niels Chua, Jansen Hook, Brian Jensen, Mikael Kassaian, Amir Zeisler, Stefan Borjian, Sogol Cross, Michael Schaffer, Paul ()."Multi-Curie Production of Ga-68 on a Biomedical Cyclotron". Kassaian, A Hook, B Zeisler, S Schaffer, P Helge, Thisgaard (October 2019). ^ Kumlin, J Dam, J Langkjaer, N Chua, C.J."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". ^ Prohaska, Thomas Irrgeher, Johanna Benefield, Jacqueline et al."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Thus, octreotide scanning for NET tumors is being increasingly replaced by gallium-68 DOTATOC scan. Such scans are useful in locating neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic cancer. Is bound to a chemical such as DOTATOC and the positrons it emits are imaged by PET-CT scan. Gallium-68 DOTA scans are increasingly replacing octreotide scans (a type of indium-111 scan using octreotide as a somatostatin receptor ligand). Gallium-68 is only used as a positron emitting tag for a ligand which binds to certain tissues, such as DOTATOC, which is a somatostatin analogue useful for imaging neuroendocrine tumors. This positron-emitting isotope can be imaged efficiently by PET scan (see gallium scan) alternatively, the longer-lived gallium-67 may be used. It is a radiopharmaceutical, generated in situ from the electron capture of germanium-68 (half-life 271 days) owing to its short half-life. ) is a positron emitter with a half-life of 68 minutes, decaying to stable zinc-68. This gamma-emitting isotope is imaged by gamma camera. It is a radiopharmaceutical used in gallium scans (alternatively, the shorter-lived gallium-68 may be used). ) has a half-life of 3.26 days and decays by electron capture and gamma emission (in de- excitation) to stable zinc-67. Substantial deviations from the given mass and composition can occur. Commercially available materials may have been subjected to an undisclosed or inadvertent isotopic fractionation.^ Deexcitation gamma used in medical imaging.^ # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1 σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.For this use, it is usually attached as a tracer to a carrier molecule (for example the somatostatin analogue DOTATOC), which gives the resulting radiopharmaceutical a different tissue-uptake specificity from the ionic 67Ga radioisotope normally used in standard gallium scans. The shorter-lived gallium-68 (half-life 68 minutes) is a positron-emitting isotope generated in very small quantities from germanium-68 in gallium-68 generators or in much greater quantities by proton bombardment of 68Zn in low-energy medical cyclotrons, for use in a small minority of diagnostic PET scans. It is the longest-lived radioisotope of gallium. It is usually used as the free ion, Ga 3+. Gallium-67 (half-life 3.3 days) is a gamma-emitting isotope (the gamma ray emitted immediately after electron capture) used in standard nuclear medical imaging, in procedures usually referred to as gallium scans. Among them, the most commercially important radioisotopes are gallium-67 and gallium-68. Most of the isotopes with atomic mass numbers below 69 decay to isotopes of zinc, while most of the isotopes with masses above 71 decay to isotopes of germanium. Twenty-nine radioisotopes are known, all synthetic, with atomic masses ranging from 56 to 86 along with three nuclear isomers, 64mGa, 72mGa and 74mGa. Natural gallium ( 31Ga) consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 and gallium-71.
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